For years, owners have been told that dogs are “pack animals” who need a dominant leader. But science tells a very different story.

Where the Myth Came From

The “alpha wolf” idea began in the 1940s, when researchers studied unrelated wolves in captivity. Under those unnatural conditions, the wolves competed and formed rigid hierarchies. This behaviour was wrongly assumed to reflect life in the wild.

Later studies showed wild wolf packs are actually family groups — parents and offspring — where cooperation and care, not dominance, define relationships. Unfortunately, the flawed captive wolf model was applied to dogs, fuelling decades of dominance-based training.

What Dogs Actually Need

Dogs aren’t wolves, and they aren’t trying to climb a social ladder in our homes. What they do need from us is:

• Clarity — consistent cues and expectations help them feel secure.
• Leadership — calm, confident guidance so they know what’s safe and what’s expected.
• Trust — relationships built on positive reinforcement, not fear.

Why Dominance Doesn’t Work

Using intimidation or “alpha” tactics can increase stress, create fear-based behaviour, and damage the bond between dog and handler. Science-based, force-free training is more effective and strengthens trust.

The Takeaway

Dogs are not pack animals plotting to take charge. They are social, adaptable companions who look to us for clear communication, consistency, and compassionate leadership. When we provide that, they can truly thrive.